As we stand at the threshold of 2025, Pakistan faces a moment of reckoning – a year shaped by the successes and struggles of the past.
The contradictions of 2024 linger in our collective memory: hard-won achievements in human rights, tempered by persistent challenges that demand urgent attention. Yet, this new year offers more than reflection; it offers an opportunity to confront systemic issues head-on, transform lessons into meaningful action, and chart a path toward a kinder, more equitable future.
Amidst its complexities, 2024 brought several milestones in Pakistan’s human rights journey. The National Commission for Human Rights (NCHR) secured ‘A’ status accreditation from the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI) – a historic achievement that positions the commission as a credible voice in international human rights discourse. This recognition reflects a commitment to aligning domestic policies with international standards and strengthens Pakistan’s standing on the global stage.
Legislative progress, though limited, saw a notable breakthrough with the addition of Article 9A to the constitution, enshrining the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment as a fundamental guarantee. This landmark move set a powerful precedent for future reforms. Other strides included the abolition of the death penalty for railway sabotage and narcotics offences, while the landmark Safia Bano case signalled the judiciary’s evolving stance on protecting individuals with severe psychosocial disabilities from capital punishment – a decision that paves the way for formal legislative action.
An important gesture of humanitarian goodwill came through Pakistan’s unilateral repatriation of 650 Indian fishermen. Amongst the world’s most vulnerable communities, fisherfolk are far from criminals; yet they often find themselves imprisoned for years due to unintentional maritime boundary violations caused by poorly defined borders, inclement weather, or the pursuit of richer fishing grounds in the Arabian Sea. Tragically, many remain in jail long after completing their sentences, trapped simply by bureaucratic inertia. Their return home was not just a positive policy decision but a meaningful demonstration of diplomatic magnanimity.
Efforts to address the digital gender divide also gained momentum in 2024. The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority’s Digital Gender Inclusion Strategy set ambitious goals to improve women’s digital literacy and reduce disparities, reflecting a shift toward empowering marginalised groups in an increasingly interconnected world.
On the international front, Pakistan championed climate justice. Its role in operationalising the Loss and Damage Fund and securing a Pakistani expert on the fund’s board underscored its commitment to advocating for vulnerable nations impacted by climate change.
Yet, these achievements were overshadowed by enduring challenges that tested the nation’s resilience. Political divisions and institutional struggles led to widespread violations of fundamental rights.
Protests following the elections were met with detentions and barriers to peaceful assembly. The Baloch National Gathering, highlighting enforced disappearances, faced harsh measures, underscoring persistent gaps in governance and accountability.
Freedom of expression came under attack. Restrictive laws and heightened surveillance stifled online discourse, while internet shutdowns, costing the economy Rs1.3 billion per day, further limited civic engagement. The introduction of a national firewall added to the strain on digital freedoms.
Religious intolerance continued to fracture the nation’s social fabric. Misuse of blasphemy laws fuelled mob attacks leaving vulnerable communities in constant fear. Heart-wrenching turmoil and sectarian violence engulfed Parachinar, Kurram. Despite judicial mandates for protective measures, poor implementation and administrative failures compounded societal inequities, further marginalising and tearing communities apart.
Economic and social disparities disproportionately affected marginalised groups. Non-Muslim workers remained trapped in low-paying, stigmatised roles, while bonded labour and child exploitation highlighted the urgent need for stronger protections and equal opportunities.
As we move deeper into the new year, the lessons of 2024 provide a clear roadmap for change. Achievements like the NCHR’s elevated status and legislative initiatives offer a foundation, but true change demands addressing structural weaknesses with urgency and intent.
Judicial independence must be safeguarded to ensure it serves as a bulwark against overreach. Equally critical is the restoration of freedom of expression. Repealing restrictive laws, restoring access to digital platforms, and fostering open dialogue are essential to rebuilding trust and accountability.
For minorities and marginalised communities, targeted long-term reforms are vital. Implementing protective measures, institutional strengthening, promoting tolerance through inclusive education, and ensuring equitable employment practices can dismantle entrenched discrimination and foster a sense of belonging.
Civil society must remain at the forefront, amplifying the voices of the unheard. Strengthening partnerships between civil society and the government can drive initiatives that address humanitarian needs, promote justice and champion equity.
Ultimately, 2025 holds the promise of transformation. By embracing inclusion, accountability, and dialogue, Pakistan can chart a path toward a society that upholds the dignity and rights of all its citizens – a legacy worthy of the sacrifices and aspirations that have shaped its history.
The writer is the chairperson of the National Commission for Human Rights.
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