PPP’s season of discontent

The political relationship between the PML-N and the PPP has become a key focus in Pakistan’s ever-changing political landscape, especially following the controversial February 8 elections and the formation of the second PDM government last year. What once seemed like a strong coalition between the two major political forces is now showing signs of strain. Growing disagreements and unmet expectations are threatening the stability of this fragile alliance. When the initial PDM government was formed under Shehbaz Sharif, there was a clear sense of cooperation between the PML-N and the PPP. The PPP not only joined the federal cabinet but also took on important positions, including the foreign ministry. But now, the PPP has taken a different approach. It has chosen not to join the cabinet and instead has opted for constitutional positions such as governorship of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the chairmanship of the Senate, and the presidency.

Political analysts have pointed to several reasons behind this shift. A major factor seems to be the unpopularity of the PML-N government, particularly after the disputed elections. The PPP, aware of the need to safeguard its own political future, seems to be distancing itself from a government that many view as controversial. By taking up constitutional roles, the PPP is still involved in governance but avoids being closely associated with the government’s unpopular decisions. Despite this distancing, the PPP has not been shy in criticising the Shehbaz-led government. There are key issues that have caused tension, including internet restrictions, disputes over provincial resource distribution, and the creation of the Pakistan Maritime and Seaport Authority.

PPP Chairman Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari has been particularly vocal, expressing frustration with the PML-N for failing to honour agreements with his party. His criticism highlights the growing dissatisfaction within the PPP, which feels sidelined, particularly when it comes to the treatment of Sindh. The withholding of resources from the province, which Bilawal has described as being treated like a “stepchild", has fueled tensions further. Some argue that the PML-N might not feel the need to address the PPP’s grievances, assuming the PPP has nowhere else to turn within the coalition. However, this would be a dangerous miscalculation. The PPP is an essential partner in the coalition, and its support is crucial for the survival of the government. Ignoring its concerns risks alienating the party and undermining the entire alliance. It is important to recognise that the PPP’s criticisms reflect serious concerns about governance, resource distribution, and the fair treatment of their constituencies. The government’s failure to address these issues could deepen the rift between the two parties and weaken the government’s ability to function effectively.

Senior figures within the PML-N have acknowledged that the PPP’s grievances should not be dismissed. After all, the PPP was instrumental in securing the passage of the 26th Amendment, which was key to the success of the PML-N’s legislative agenda. Without the PPP’s support, many of the government’s achievements would have been much harder to achieve. Ignoring the PPP’s concerns would be a politically risky move that could have long-term consequences. The PML-N must understand the importance of maintaining a good relationship with its coalition partner. One can argue that all alliances are fragile and require handholding and a lot of TLC.